What effect does regular exercise have on insulin sensitivity?

Regular exercise plays a significant role in increasing insulin sensitivity, which refers to how effectively the body's cells respond to insulin. When physical activity is performed, especially aerobic and resistance training, several physiological changes occur that promote better glucose uptake by the cells. This leads to more efficient use of insulin, which is crucial for maintaining stable blood sugar levels.

During exercise, muscle tissues become more responsive to insulin due to the translocation of glucose transporters (like GLUT4) to the cell surfaces. This means that after a workout, the body is better equipped to utilize insulin, resulting in enhanced glucose uptake from the bloodstream. Consequently, individuals who engage in regular physical activity are often better at managing their blood sugar levels, which can reduce the risk of developing insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes over time.

Other options suggest that exercise either decreases insulin sensitivity or does not affect it at all, which are contrary to a well-established understanding of the relationship between physical activity and insulin action. The notion that exercise could eliminate the need for insulin is also misleading, as insulin remains essential for metabolic processes, particularly for those with diabetes; however, improving insulin sensitivity can reduce the amount needed for effective blood sugar regulation.